Papilloma is a single or multiple benign formation that occurs in different parts of the body. Externally they are presented in the form of papillae with a base. The consistency is dense or soft. Color can range from light brown to dark brown.
Papillomas on the skin spoil the appearance, on the mucous membrane of the internal anatomical structure they provoke bleeding and the appearance of ulcers, on the larynx they spoil breathing and change the tone of the voice. It is possible to remove tumors using surgical excision, electrocoagulation, laser, cryodestruction and other methods.
What happened
Papilloma is a benign neoplasm that affects the skin and the cellular structure of the epithelium. The main cause of its appearance is infection with the human papillomatous virus (with a high or low level of oncogenicity).
The ICD-10 disease code is D23. Classification of pathological conditions depends on the location of the lesion. For example, if the pathology appears on the neck or on the head in the hair, then it is assigned the code D23. 4, if localized on the arm and shoulder - D23. 6, if it affects the abdomen, genitals in men and women, chest and back - D23. 5 and so on.
Keep in mind that papillomas have a tendency to degenerate into malignant forms.
Type
There are several types of papillomatous formations, which differ in structure, shape, color and other characteristics.
easy (vulgar)
This is one of the most common types of papillomavirus. The formation of papillomas on the skin in this case can be provoked by several types of strains at once. According to statistics, about 30% of the population has encountered them at least once.
A favorite place for common warts is the upper limbs, especially the hands. However, such growths can cover the body, palms, toes and other surfaces.
Such warts occur in areas of skin damage due to a decrease in the local immune system.
Externally, papilloma vulgaris resembles a papilla. In the early stages of development, the diameter can reach no more than 2 millimeters. A soft wart head with a uniform structure, rises above the surface of the epidermis.
When such forms appear, light pigmentation is observed. As a result of the constant reception of nutrition due to the growth of roots deep into the skin, the growth gradually becomes larger.
Often in the middle you can observe the appearance of hair, which indicates the benign nature of the formation.
Filiform
This is a seal with a thin trunk and a head at the top. Such growth should not be confused with other varieties due to the peculiarity of its structure.
The appearance of papillomas on the body of this variety is observed after 45 years in places with thin skin. In particular, they are formed in the armpits, on the sternum in women and men, and in the neck area.
As the tumor grows, it stretches and becomes larger. The head of the tumor is yellow or pink. The level of pigmentation is weak.
flat
In appearance, they resemble small plaques that rise slightly above the surface of the skin. Roots have a dense structure and grow deep into the dermis layer, which can be indicated by the appearance of painful sensations due to mechanical impact or injury.
Such growths are most often localized in the upper part area. There are also papillomas on the face. In some cases, neoplasms of this type appear in the anal area, in the genital area in men and on the labia majora in women. Due to the fact that in these places they receive active nutrition, they begin to grow actively.
Flat papilloma is difficult to treat. After removal, scars or scars remain at the growth site.
Pointing
Externally they look like papillae, their size does not exceed 2-3 millimeters in diameter. Neoplasms tend to grow rapidly; from small growths, large growths appear on the skin. Its shape resembles a chicken comb or cauliflower.
The danger of this type of condyloma is that there is a high probability of developing an infectious and inflammatory process in women in the area of the labia minora or vagina. Such formations are easily injured, which can cause infection.
The problem with such papillomas is that they are prone to frequent relapses even after treatment with antiviral drugs or surgery.
Plantar
The cause of foot skin papillomatosis is the presence of virus strains type 1, 2 and 4 in the body. The elements resemble calluses, but in appearance they look like simple papillomas. They are also distinguished by the fact that under mechanical stress they are painful, they do not have skin patterns.
Plantar papilloma is prone to self-destruction, especially if it affects a child's body. Often small bubbles begin to form near the main lesion. Over time, they change, which contributes to the appearance of mosaic papillomatosis.
Juvenile
This type of growth occurs in rare cases, especially in young children. Infection with them occurs at the time of childbirth, if the mother has genital warts on her genitals at that time.
Localization
Filiform warts are most often localized on the face. They can be located under the eyes, on the forehead, in the ears, on the neck in men and women. Neoplasms of the vulgar type are characterized by their appearance on the heels and hands. In addition, warts can be on the fingers, buttocks, thighs, elbows, in the navel, under the mammary glands, papillomas under the arms, on the tongue, in the throat and other parts of the body.
In general, papillomatosis refers to a general disease in which the entire body is covered with papillomas.
Also, neoplasms can affect the liver, oral cavity, respiratory tract, lungs, kidneys and others.
Cause
Human papillomavirus is present in almost every body and does not make itself felt for a long time. However, under certain circumstances, it begins to become more active, thereby triggering the appearance of papilloma-like growths on the skin.
The development of the pathological process can be influenced by various factors. The most common include the following:
- not protectedsexualcommunication;
- frequent sexual changespartner;
- weakenedimmunity;
- non-compliancecleannorms of the oral cavity and intimate area;
- organ diseasegastrointestinal- intestinal tract;
- violationexchangeprocess;
- wrongnutrition;
- welcomecytostaticor hormonal drugs.
The main risk factor for infection for men is considered to be bad habits that contribute to a decrease in the immune system. Regular inhalation of tobacco smoke increases the likelihood of developing laryngeal papillomatosis.
Route of infection
Experts distinguish 4 types of human papillomavirus transmission.
Sexually
This route is considered one of the most common. Virions can enter the human body at any time during sexual intercourse. You also need to take into account that barrier contraceptives can only prevent infection in the genital organs, while the perineum and pubis remain unprotected.
Domestically
There is a high survival rate of the virus in a humid environment. In this case, infection may occur when visiting public places, for example, bathhouses, swimming pools, saunas or toilets. The virus can also enter the body through the skin when using other people's washcloths or towels.
Contacts
Infection is possible at this time when the damaged skin area comes into contact with the injured papilloma. This process is called self-infection, when the disease carrier himself transfers virions from pathological areas of the body to healthy ones.
From mother to fetus
The virus does not have the ability to penetrate the placenta. However, infection may occur during this time when the fetus passes through the mother's birth canal.
Diagnostics
If you suspect the development of papillomatosis, it is recommended to contact a venereologist and a dermatologist.
The final diagnosis can only be made based on the results obtained during the examination.
Clinical examination
At the appointment, the doctor identifies all types of formations found in the human body. They are examined and certain notes are taken. If anogenital warts are detected, the patient receives a referral for examination to a gynecologist. Men may undergo ureteroscopy.
Colposcopy
This is a diagnostic procedure that involves examining the female genital organs. To perform the manipulation, a special device is used - a colposcope. Thanks to the drugs used during the examination, it is possible not only to detect the virus, but also to assess the nature of its manifestations.
PCR analysis
Polymerase chain reaction makes it possible to detect infection, as well as establish the presence of other pathological processes that can be sexually transmitted.
Cytological examination
Implicit classification divides pathology into 5 classes. The former indicates a normal cytological picture, the latter means the presence of a large number of atypical cellular structures that can trigger the cancer process.
Histology
Allows you to study the area in the Malpighian layer, which makes it possible to confirm or deny the presence of koilocytes in it.
Preliminary test
Helps to quickly detect high concentrations of viruses in the human body. This type of research has gained widespread popularity because of its accuracy.
Treatment
If the wart is harmless and not prone to malignancy, there is no need for special therapeutic measures. The doctor will recommend taking medicine to strengthen the immune system. If there is a high probability of the growth becoming malignant, the optimal treatment option is prescribed.
Medicine
The vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms can be suppressed using the following antiviral drugs:
- vitamin and mineral complex;
- immunostimulating agents.
If the development of the oncological process is not confirmed, special ointments can be used at home.
Surgery
Wart removal can be done in several ways.
Cryodestruction
Therapeutic procedures involving the exposure of papillomas to low temperatures, which ultimately lead to the destruction of pathological structures. With high-quality manipulation, it is possible not only to stop the further growth of tumors, but also to prevent their appearance in the future.
The complexity of this method is that there is no way to control the depth of cold penetration into the tissue. If the procedure is not carried out completely, the remnants of the papilloma may remain in the skin, which will lead to its reappearance.
Electrocoagulation
Benign tumors are burned by applying an electric current to them. In this case, the doctor pre-sets the device to a certain frequency and voltage. The type of attachment for the device is selected based on the size and thickness of the growth.
Using a loop, the specialist first removes the forming rod, and then burns the element itself. During work, simultaneous coagulation of capillaries occurs, which prevents bleeding.
After removal, the operated area is treated with an antiseptic.
Radiosurgery
Lesions are exposed to a stream of low-frequency radio waves. In this case, the electrode captures only the damaged area, healthy tissue remains untouched. A wound forms at the site of the removed growth.
Lasers
This method is considered one of the most popular because of its simplicity and speed of implementation. These sessions take an average of no more than a quarter of an hour.
The procedure itself is not accompanied by pain, but the patient may experience minor discomfort.
Burning papilloma occurs by exposing it to a laser beam, resulting in layer by layer evaporation of cells and complete isolation of the element.
If you treat papilloma in this way, the possibility of recurrence is minimized.
Diet
Nutrition for papillomas on the body implies the presence of fermented milk, seafood, honey, garlic, shallots, vegetables, lean meat and fish in the diet.
If we talk about fruits, it is recommended to eat them between main meals as a snack. It is better to give preference to yellow, red or orange fruits.
When to delete
Complete removal of papilloma-like formations is recommended if there are many papillomas on the neck and other places where there is a high risk of damage, which can trigger the development of cancer.
Other indications for removal:
- activeheightwarts, which may mean a more serious disorder in the body;
- planningpregnancy, because it is against the background of hormonal changes that the risk of the appearance of benign and malignant tumors increases.
In addition, it is necessary to remove growths if they are prone to violence.
Why are they dangerous?
The main danger of papillomas is their ability to degenerate into oncological forms. Also, neoplasms, especially those located in open areas of the body, are more susceptible to injury, which can cause bleeding or infection.
Prognosis after removal
If the removal is done poorly or incompletely, the papilloma may reappear. To prevent this from happening, it is not recommended to self-medicate.
In addition, some types of growth by nature are prone to recurrence, regardless of the effectiveness of therapy. To avoid this, you must eliminate the main cause.
Prevention
Following some recommendations will help prevent the disease:
- deal only with protectedsex;
- use your own stuff exclusivelycleanliness;
- often strengthenimmunity;
- eat quality and healthy foodproduct;
- undergo medicineexamfor preventive purposes at least once a year.
Papilloma on the body is a benign neoplasm, in most cases it does not cause discomfort to a person. Some types of tumors, especially when exposed to certain factors, can become malignant.
To avoid this situation, when a lump appears, it is recommended to consult a specialist who, if necessary, will prescribe the appropriate treatment.