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Human papilloma virus

Human papilloma virus

Many infections do not cause symptoms in healthy people.The immune system suppresses virus activity, as a result one becomes a carrier of infection.At the same time, the transmission of other people's pathogens occurs even with complete clinical well -being, as virus particles are contained in the patient's biological fluid.The course of hidden infection can be a major cause of the spread of the disease: the patient does not undergo timely examination and continues to infect others unknowingly.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) can be called an excellent example of hidden infectious agents.Most people are infected at least one type of HPV throughout life, but the clinical manifestation of the disease does not occur in all cases.Doctors describe an increased risk of malignant tumor formation to remote complications of infection.In addition, patients with immunodeficiency deficiency often have negative consequences of the disease.Topic drugs help suppress the symptoms of HPV infection.Timely vaccination is also recommended.

More about the disease

Human papilloma virus is a pathogen of infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes of the organ.The main manifestation of the disease is the growth of neoplasms in the area of the people, the oral and throat.In some cases, papilloma is formed in non -specific places, such as lower and upper limb skin.The localization of the warts depends on the type of HPV.However, in most people, the infection leads to the transportation of hidden infections, however, with the decline in immunity, the virus begins to show its virulent.In some cases, the immunocompatent cells freely destroy the pathogen within 3-6 months after its invasion to the body.

HPV infection is the most common sexual disease.Such indicators can be explained by high virus virus and pathological flow without symptoms in most people.The use of condoms does not always prevent infection, so patients can continue to spread the virus even with protected sex.At the same time, experts develop an effective vaccine that hinder the development of oncogenic HPV forms.Immunization is shown to girls in adolescence, as protection against the virus must be implanted before the first sexual intercourse.

Features -Virus Features

Human papilloma virus is a pathogen containing DNA.Unlike bacteria and other microorganisms, viruses can show their activity only after introducing cages and immersing their own genetic information into the core.Subsequently, the affected cells begin to synthesize the protein needed for the installation of virus particles.Almost all representatives of the papillomavirus family attack are just one type of organism, and HPV infections can only occur in humans.

Scientists know more than 600 strains (types) of human papilloma viruses, which are distinguished by genetic information.40 HPV types are caused by various forms of damage to the mucous membranes and skin.At the same time, the classification of strain oncogenic levels is important clinical importance.Therefore, cervical cancer in women is most common with HPV 16 and 18 invasion. These infectious agents are not always indicated by skin changes.

HPV is attractive in the basal layer of the epithelium.Pathogens can exist in episome form not associated with cell DNA, or integrated forms related to the cell genome.It is an integrated virus that produces the necessary protein and causes the clinical manifestation of the disease.HPV life in the body is not a direct cause of malignant tissue degeneration, however, virus transport increases the risk of cancer risk factors.

The method of infection

The virus is found in basal epithelial cells, so any of the skin microtrauma and mucous membranes increase the risk of infection.In most cases, HPV is sent with sexual vaginal, anal or oral sexual relations.This condom can only be guaranteed by the surface of the skin, however, virus particles can still penetrate the body through other covers.The presence of genital warts is exposed to the transmission of pathogens, but the skin out of the carrier of the disease is also a source of HPV.

Other delivery passage

  1. Child infections during childbirth.Children most frequently the loss of respiratory tract
  2. Transfer of virus free from one body part to another
  3. General use of personal hygiene items, including razors, toothbrushes and towels
  4. Blood transfusion.This new study has confirmed the possibility of transfusion infection.
  5. Surgical intervention in non -stable condition

Despite the various causes of viral invasion, only the sexual path of HPV infection is clinical.Other sources of infection are characterized by low pathogenic risk.

Risk factors

In addition to direct ways to send HPV, it should also take into account the role of risk factors.We talk about the features of human lifestyle and certain physical conditions.

The main risk factor for infection

  1. A large number of sexual partners.Even with safe sex, active sex life slowly leads to infection.
  2. Age.Sexual warts in most cases are detected in adolescents and young patients, while condylomas of the oral cavity and respiratory system are characteristic of children.
  3. Weak immune system.Patients suffering from HIV infection or immunodeficiency intake are at risk for virus invasion.Also, HPV is more commonly shown after organ transplantation.
  4. Damage to the skin and mucous membranes.Microtraumas facilitates the penetration of the virus into the basal layer of the epithelium.
  5. Smoking and alcohol.Bad habits weaken immunity activities.
  6. Venate infection.

In addition, pregnant women are included in the risk of infection.Keep in mind that the elimination of the tendency to the disease is effective preventive tactics.

Clinical picture of papilloma

Clinical current

The incubation period before manifestation of the symptoms of the disease may last for several months or not.In immunocompatent patients, the body can destroy the infection at this time, but the removal of spontaneous pathogens does not always occur.One can be infected simultaneously with some virus strains.Signs -HPV infection occurs when exposed to bad factors that weaken tissue immune protection.Due to repeated courses, condyloma is periodically lost and reshaped.The oncological complications of the infection can develop for decades.

The possibility of a disease:

  1. Cervical carcinoma - malignant neoplasm of epithelial tissue.This type of oncology is only associated with human papilloma virus.With timely vaccination, the risk of oncogenesis decreases.
  2. Carcinoma of Anal Hole Plant Carcinoma.Such complications can occur in men and women.Early symptoms of anus cancer include bleeding and itching -skin.
  3. Urinary violation due to urethra obstruction by condyloma.
  4. The rebirth of darkness in the warts in the throat and the oral cavity.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of female death.Because the disease is associated with the invasion of the virus, examinations that undergo regular gynecologists are necessary.Modern vaccines protect women from the most oncogenic types of HPV.

Diagnostics

Gynecologists, urologists, venerologists and dermatologists are involved in examination by Condil.During the initial appointment, the doctor will ask the patient about complaints, collect anamnestic data and conduct a skin formation examination.Usually, HPV manifestations are easily identified, however, other diseases must be excluded.For this, experts will set instrumental and laboratory research.

The required diagnostic method:

  1. Vaginal and cervical instrumental examination (colposcopy).Such studies should be conducted to filter the cervical carcinoma.During the examination, doctors can detect various papillomas and epithelial displacement areas.
  2. Biopsy - Get tissue ingredients in the skin area or mucus changes.Sample cytological studies allow you to identify malignant cells.
  3. Polymerase chain reaction - detection of HPV virus particles in the body.Conducting this test gives doctors the opportunity to determine pathogenic tension and virus load.
  4. Digene test is a high precision detection of DNA oncogenic strain oncogenic human papilloma virus.This study was used as a reliable examination.
In addition to this study, doctors will recommend patients to take tests for other infectious diseases, including HIV and syphilis.

Drug

Preparations for HPV infection can only eliminate the symptoms of the disease and prevent tissue defects.The complete elimination of the virus using drug therapy is impossible.Oral and topical agents are prescribed in the event of high risk of oncogenesis, immunodeficiency and other bad conditions.If the virus is not real with external changes, the general precautions are generally.

The possibility of appointment

  1. Salicylic acid to remove warts.It is not used to process the skin and genitals.
  2. Creams and ointments containing immunomodulation agents.
  3. Podofilo - ointment with cytostatic effects.Applying the drug to the affected skin leads to the destruction of the pathogenic elements.
  4. Trichlooroxic acid for the generalization of general warts and genitals.It can cause a local section.

The drugs listed are only used under medical control.After removing the warts, the HPV infection can be clear and even spread to other areas.

Surgical

Papilloma surgical treatment

Doctors can offer patient surgical methods and minimally invasive to remove warts.Usually, such a method does not cause complications, but on the first day after intervention, tissue bleeding may occur.

Type of intervention:

  1. common isolation of surgery;
  2. freezing with liquid nitrogen followed by the destruction of the affected tissue;
  3. freezing electricity;
  4. removal of papilloma with laser;
  5. Using the "knife" radio wave.

All procedures are performed under local anesthesia.The specialist will choose the safest method for condyl treatment.

Prophesy

The course of papillomavirus infection depends on the patient's immune status and certain virus tension.About 30% of the population has a spontaneous removal of pathogens caused by active immunity.Symptoms of the disease are often shown in pregnant women, children, parents and patients with immunodeficiency.

HPV infection is characterized by repeated courses.Papillomas formed gradually disappear or spread to neighboring skin.The virus oncogenic strain most often affects the cervical mucous membranes, and the resulting epithelial displacement increases the effects of risk factors of malignant tissue degeneration, such as smoking and oral contraceptive use.Tumors can form 10-20 years after virus invasion into the body.

Prevention

The most reliable preventive method is early immunization.Gardasil vaccines, which contain virus proteins and additional components, are effective against HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 types.If vaccination is performed at an early age until the first sexual relations, the risk of subsequent cervical cancer development in women does not exceed 1%.

Additional Prevention:

  1. condom use;
  2. Sexual relations only with trusted partners;
  3. Comprehensive personal hygiene;
  4. Gynecological exams at least once a year.